About Water In Bituminous Material (Dean-Stark
Specification:
A Water in Bituminous Material Dean-Stark spec refers to a standardized test method, like ASTM D95 or IS 1211:2022, that uses a Dean-Stark apparatus and distillation with a water-immiscible volatile solvent to determine the water content in bituminous materials such as asphalt and bitumen emulsions. The spec outlines the apparatus components and the procedures for conducting the test, collecting, and reporting the water volume from the distilled sample.
Key Components of the Apparatus
- Distillation Flask: A glass flask (e.g., 500 ml) where the sample and solvent are heated.
- Dean-Stark Apparatus: The condensing and collecting system, which includes a reflux condenser and a graduated receiver trap that separates the water from the solvent.
- Electric Heater: A controlled heating device to provide consistent heat for distillation.
- Support Stand and Clamps: To hold the flask, condenser, and receiver in place.
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Sample Preparation:
A sample of the bituminous material and a water-immiscible volatile solvent are placed in the distillation flask.
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Heating and Distillation:
The mixture is heated, and the solvent evaporates, rises, and condenses in the condenser.
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Water Collection:
The condensed liquid flows into the Dean-Stark trap, where water, being denser, settles at the bottom, while the immiscible solvent overflows and returns to the flask.
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Measurement:
The test continues until the volume of water in the trap remains constant.
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Reporting:
The collected water's volume is measured from the graduated tube to determine the water content in the bituminous material.
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A widely recognized standard for the determination of water in petroleum products and bituminous materials by the distillation method.
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The Indian standard for testing tar and bituminous materials, specifically for the determination of water content using the Dean and Stark method.
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A European standard for the determination of water content in petroleum products and bituminous materials.
Precise Water Measurement in Bituminous MaterialsThis apparatus provides accurate determination of water content in bituminous materials by distillation, with a resolution up to 0.05 ml and measurement range up to 10 ml. Manual operation allows for real-time response, catering to the requirements of petroleum and solvent analyses in laboratories, ensuring compliance with ASTM D95 and IS: 1211 standards.
Robust Borosilicate Glassware and ScalabilityDesigned from high-quality borosilicate glass, the Dean-Stark setup offers exceptional chemical resistance, durability, and visibility with a clear, graduated scale. With various flask and trap sizes available, users can select capacity options best suited to their laboratory specimen needs, ensuring versatile application and accurate readings every time.
User-Friendly and Safe OperationManual control mode and bench-top mounting make the Dean-Stark Apparatus easy to use. The process involves heating bituminous samples with an adjustable heating mantle, collecting water in the trap, and reading the glass scale for results. Following recommended safety precautions, such as using heat-resistant gloves and eye protection, ensures safe handling throughout the analysis.
FAQ's of Water In Bituminous Material (Dean-Stark:
Q: How does the Dean-Stark Apparatus measure water in bituminous materials?
A: The apparatus uses distillation, where the bituminous sample is heated in a flask using an external heating mantle. Water separates and is collected in the calibrated trap, allowing users to read the water content directly from the glass scale with 0.05 ml resolution.
Q: What standards does this equipment comply with for water determination?
A: This Dean-Stark apparatus is designed in accordance with international standards ASTM D95 and IS: 1211, ensuring reliable and standardized results for laboratory water analysis in bituminous materials.
Q: When should safety precautions be followed during operation?
A: Safety precautions should be strictly followed whenever the apparatus is heated or handled, including the use of heat-resistant gloves and eye protection to prevent burns or chemical exposure.
Q: Where is the Dean-Stark Apparatus typically used?
A: Typically, this apparatus is used in laboratory settings for the analysis of petroleum derivatives, solvents, and bituminous materials. It is suitable for industries dealing with material characterization, research, and quality control.
Q: What is the recommended cleaning procedure after testing?
A: After use, the apparatus should be thoroughly washed with detergent and rinsed with distilled water to maintain measurement accuracy and chemical compatibility, as recommended by operational standards.
Q: What benefit does using borosilicate glassware provide for this equipment?
A: Borosilicate glass offers high chemical resistance, enhanced durability, and clear visibility of graduation marks, which contribute to precise measurement and longevity of the apparatus under laboratory conditions.